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Section 1: RUSSIA

Executive Summary & key trends

1. Country overview

Introduction

1.1 Macroeconomic setting

1.2 Key demographics

1.3 Government policy

2. Tourism overview

2.1 Traveller segmentation analysis

2.2 Airline capacity

2.3 The current investment scene in the travel and tourism industry in Russia

2.4 Scale of the budget for development

3. Travel distribution trends in Russia

3.1 The size of the Russian travel market: online vs. offline

3.2 Airline sector analysis

3.3 Hotel sector analysis

3.4 Car rental sector analysis

3.5 Package tour sector analysis

3.6 Online intermediaries

3.7 Traditional intermediaries

3.8 Costs and Key Performance Indicators

3.9 Technological advances in Russia

4. The Russian traveller - search and buying behaviour

4.1 Internet users

4.2 Mobile phones in use

4.3 Technology in the future

4.4 Payment solutions

4.5 The use of online facilities

 5. Marketing, PR and Sales

 Marketing to the Russian traveller

6. A ‘how to' guide for international businesses in the Russian travel industry

Useful Contacts in Russia

Section 2: CEE OVERVIEW

This section of the report is intended to provide summary information on the ten countries in Central and Eastern Europe who have joined the EU since 2004: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. Ukraine has also been included in this resume for reasons explained below.

In recent years all these countries have experienced considerable change in consumer spending patterns during the transition to free market economies, and with an overall population of around 148 million, the market is of a similar size to Russia, although over a much smaller area. We present overviews of each of the countries in the region in terms of basic macroeconomic information, and data on Internet access and usage and e-commerce developments. This is followed by information and statistics on travel and tourism activity, both domestic and outbound, including some regional information.

1. CEE countries overview

1.1 Macroeconomic Overview

1.2 Overview of Internet usage in CEE EU members

2. Macroeconomic setting, key demographics, Internet use and e-commerce trends - by country

2.1 Bulgaria

2.2 Czech Republic

2.3 Estonia

2.4 Hungary

2.5 Latvia

2.6 Lithuania

2.7 Poland

2.8 Romania

2.9 Slovakia

2.10 Slovenia

2.11 Ukraine

3. Travel and Tourism overview

3.1 Key Trends

3.2 Bulgaria

3.3 Czech Republic

3.4 Estonia

3.5 Hungary

3.6 Latvia

3.7 Lithuania

3.8 Poland

3.9 Romania

3.10 Slovakia

3.11 Slovenia

3.12 Ukraine

Conclusion

Methodology

Section 1: Russia

Figure 1 Resident population: urban vs. rural, 2002-2007

Figure 2 Breakdown of the Russian population by age & gender (2001; 2005; 2006)

Figure 3 Nominal GDP, 2002-2008

Figure 4 Gender breakdown of the economically active population of the Russian Federation, 1992-2006

Figure 5 Forecast of the number of employed men and women in the economy of the Russian Federation, 1995-2016

Figure 6 Rouble exchange rate dynamics, 2002-2007

Figure 7 Forecast 2007-2012 exchange rate against the dolla

Figure 8 Volume of foreign investments in the economy of the Russian Federation in 2006, by country

Figure 9 Volume of foreign investment by types

Figure 10 Distribution of population by per capita average income (percentage of the total)

Figure 11 Average monthly nominal accrued wages of employees by kinds of economic activities, 2002-2006

Figure 12 Dynamics in the development of Internet users amongst the population over 18 years from, 2002-2006

Figure 13 Internet access location, 2001-2007

Figure 14 Forecasts of increase in debit and credit card usage to 2009

Figure 15 Domestic travel volume and value, 2003-2007

Figure 16 Number of journeys abroad made by Russian citizens including purpose of travel, overview, 2002-2007

Figure 17 Number of journeys abroad made by Russian citizens including purpose of travel, details, 2002-2007

Figure 18 Outbound value of the Russian tourist market, 2003-2007F

Figure 19 Top outbound destinations of Russian citizens, 2006 (number of trips)

Figure 20 Outbound destinations, volume and reason of travel of Russian citizens, 2006

Figure 21 Number of trips abroad undertaken by Russian citizens for tourism purposes, 2002-2007

Figure 22 Prices for one week tours from Russia to the most popular destinations, June 2005

Figure 23 Airline capacity: domestic and international, 2005-2007

Figure 24 Domestic travel market volume and value, 2003-2012F

Figure 25 Outbound travel market volume and value, 2003-2012F

Figure 26 Russian travel distribution - offline vs. online bookings, 2005-2012F

Figure 27 Value and volume of the Russian airline sector, 2002-2012F

Figure 28 Russian airline sector – online vs. offline bookings, 2005-2012F

Figure 29 Airline sector: Growth in indirect sales, 2002-2012F

Figure 30 Airline sector - Direct vs. indirect sales, 2002-2012F

Figure 31 Value of the hotel sector, 2002-2012F

Figure 32 Airline sector - Online vs. offline sales, 2005-2012FEdition 1

Figure 33 Hotel sector - Growth in direct sales, 2007-2012F

Figure 34 Hotel sector - Direct vs. indirect sales, 2005-2012F

Figure 35 Value of the Russian car rental market & car rental fleet size, 2006-2008F

Figure 36 Value of the domestic package tour sector, 2002-2012F

Figure 37 Domestic tour package sector - Online vs. offline sales, 2005-2012F

Figure 38 Value of the outbound package tour sector, 2002-2012F

Figure 39 Outbound tour package sector - Online vs. offline sales, 2005-2012F

Figure 40 Package tours - direct vs. indirect sales, 2002-2012F

Figure 41 Breakdown of online visits to Russian OTAs, July 2007

Figure 42 Online visits to Russian OTAs by country, August 2007

Figure 43 OTA sector leaders in terms of site visitors, July 2007

Figure 44 Value of the OTA market in Russia, 2002-2012F

Figure 45 Breakdown of OTA sales by sector

Figure 46 Breakdown of Yandex and Aport OTA sales by sector, 2007

Figure 47 Value of sales by traditional intermediaries, 2005-2012F

Figure 48 The 65 key players in the Russian tourist industry, 2006

Figure 49 Russian Internet penetration, 2004-2007

Figure 50 Regional analysis of Internet users by frequency of use, January – June 2007

Figure 51 Volume of Internet users by city, 2006

Figure 52 Internet access location of Russian consumers

Figure 53 Influential sources of information for Russian travel consumers, 2005

Section 2: CEE Overview

Figure 54 Internet Usage in CEE European Union Members

Figure 55 Bulgaria - Internet users by age, 2006

Figure 56 Bulgaria - Internet connections, 2006

Figure 57 Czech Republic - Internet users by type of activity, 2006

Figure 58 Czech Republic - Internet purchases by product, 2005

Figure 59 Estonia - Internet penetration, 2000-2007

Figure 60 Poland - Breakdown of Internet users by frequency of use for travel purposes, 2006

Figure 61 Poland - Consumers preferred method for obtaining travel information, 2005

Figure 62 Slovakia - Breakdown of Internet users by frequency of use for travel purposes, 2006

Figure 63 Gender differences in Internet use in Ukraine, 2006

Figure 64 Air passengers travelling between Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the UK, 2000-2004

Figure 65 Value of total travel market, 2002-2010F

Figure 66 Forecasted travel market growth rate: CEE vs. other European regions, 2006-2010F

Figure 67 New EU-12 travel market distribution - online vs. offline, 2002-2010F

Figure 68 New EU 12 - Size of the total travel market & breakdown by sector, 2006

Figure 69 Total travel market split by sector: 12 new EU vs. total Europe, 2006

Figure 70 Airline sector - gross market value in Eatern EU, 2002-2010F

Figure 71 Low cost airlines – gross market value, 2002-2008F

Figure 72 Eastern European LCC sector - online vs. offline sales, 2002-2010F

Figure 73 Volume of air passengers – geographical split by CEE country, 2002-2005

Figure 74 Volume and value of package tour market, 2002-2006

Figure 75 Trips of Bulgarian residents abroad by purpose of visit and by destination, 2002-2007

Figure 76 Czech Republic - Numbers of guests at accommodation establishments, residents vs. non-residents, 2004-2007

Figure 77 Domestic and outbound tourism of Czech residents: by type of trip and average expenditure, 2003-2006

Figure 78 Outgoing visitors served by Estonian travel agencies and tour operators by destination, 2006-2007Q2

Figure 79 Hungary - Domestic guest nights by type of accommodation, 2005-2006

Figure 80 Hungary - Domestic guest nights by tourist region, 2005-2006

Figure 81 Hungary - Top 10 most popular destinations for main leisure trips abroad (%), 2005

Figure 82 Mode of transport used for domestic trips around Latvia, by purpose of trip (%), Q2 2007

Figure 83 Latvia - Percentage of the population taking trips inland and abroad, by purpose of trip, Q2 2007

Figure 84 Volume of Latvian travellers crossing the state border for outbound travel, 2005-2006

Figure 85 Lithuania - Outbound tourist trips by country of destination, Q1 2007

Figure 86 Lithuania - Expenditure of outbound tourists – breakdown by type of product spend, Q1 2007

Figure 87 Poland - Domestic holidays (at least 5 days) by purpose of trip (%), 2003-2006

Figure 88 Poland - Outbound tourist trips by country, 2002-2006

Figure 89 Average expenditures of Polish tourists travelling abroad pre-trip and during the trip, 2002-2006

Figure 90 Trips made by Polish residents - Forecasts of short breaks, long trips and outbound tourism, 2001-2013F

Figure 91 Slovakia outbound and domestic tourism data: volume of tourists; average length of stay; volume of tourism establishments, 2005-2006

Figure 92 Ukraine - Volume of domestic, inbound and outbound tourists, 2000-2006

Hard data and statistics are extremely limited on the Russian and CEE travel sector, both in terms of retrospective analysis and forecasting. The data in the report has been compiled from official statistical sources wherever possible, together with business and travel industry reports and articles. In addition to secondary research we have also conducted a number of interviews with key companies and leading industry experts. Volumes and values for current online sales and growth are based on industry estimates and forecasts from each sector. The growth predictions in the various sectors have been reached through extensive cross referencing from the sources outlined in the report.

The online market figures are the sum of estimated online sales in the respective markets, from as many of the largest online marketers as possible. These major marketers are assumed to represent about 90% of the total Russian and CEE online travel market. The remaining 10% is then added, to reach a grand total. The online sales in the Russian and CEE market from the small marketers are assumed to be split in the same way as the identified big marketers. The sources for the big marketers' online sales are numerous, but are generally published sources such as: annual accounts, press releases and website traffic statistics. However, it must be taken into consideration that, even when examining published data, there is an element of interpretation in reaching an actual estimate of online sales.

Each country overview within the CEE section of the report is based on a collection of data where actual sources were available from secondary research. The value of the total and online travel markets, however, have been built from separate EyeforTravel Research data and not build on these sources. The idea of this section is to offer an overview of the region in terms of Internet use and travel patterns which we hope will indicate an approximate breakdown of the market. To value each individual market in-depth and by sector is beyond the scope of this study.

Market size definition

In this report, the Russian and CEE travel market and specific sector sizes are defined as ‘travel sales' to people residing in Russia and CEE. Correspondingly, for individual markets and regions, ‘the travel market' is the value of ‘travel sales' to people residing in these countries and regions.